1、地面標(biao)誌(zhi)

1. Ground signs

在地面相(xiang)應位置上進行標(biao)記,埋設標(biao)誌(zhi)、標(biao)誌(zhi)磚(zhuan)、標(biao)誌(zhi)貼等(deng)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)式直觀易找,但受地面環境(jing)限(xian)制,如(ru)在快(kuai)速(su)路(lu)上很(hen)難(nan)設(she)置(zhi)。遇(yu)道(dao)路(lu)維(wei)修或(huo)拆遷(qian)等(deng)情(qing)況,還會大(da)量丟失標(biao)誌(zhi)。現階段地(di)面標(biao)記物均采用以(yi)上標(biao)誌(zhi)。

Mark the corresponding positions on the ground, bury signs, sign bricks, sign stickers, etc. This method is intuitive and easy to find, but it is limited by the ground environment, such as being difficult to set up on expressways. In case of road maintenance or demolition, a large number of signs will also be lost. At present, all ground markers use the above markings.

2、設備(bei)探測(ce)

2. Equipment detection

壹(yi)旦地(di)面標(biao)誌(zhi)丟失,就只好使用設(she)備(bei)進行地(di)下(xia)管道(dao)探測(ce)。對於(yu)金屬(shu)管(guan)材(cai),壹(yi)般(ban)用金(jin)屬(shu)探(tan)管儀(yi)(壹(yi)種(zhong)將電(dian)信號施加(jia)在管道上,然後追蹤(zong)電(dian)信號走向(xiang)的(de)設(she)備(bei))進行路(lu)由(you)定位。這(zhe)種(zhong)設(she)備(bei)在地下管線(xian)少、無強(qiang)磁、強(qiang)電(dian)的地(di)方(fang)效果(guo)較(jiao)好,但(dan)對於(yu)管道(dao)密(mi)集(ji)的區(qu)域(yu)(如(ru)庭(ting)院)或(huo)導(dao)電(dian)性差的管(guan)道(如(ru)球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)),探(tan)測(ce)效(xiao)率會大(da)打(da)折(zhe)扣。PE管根(gen)本不(bu)導(dao)電(dian),因(yin)此(ci)無法(fa)采用此(ci)項技術。我(wo)們(men)也(ye)試(shi)用了其(qi)他設備(bei),如(ru)地(di)磁成像儀(yi)、地下(xia)空(kong)腔探測(ce)儀(yi)等(deng),但在霸州公司(si)未(wei)進行實際(ji)應用，效(xiao)果(guo)暫時(shi)無法(fa)確定(ding)。除(chu)此(ci)之外(wai),據了解目(mu)前市(shi)場(chang)上還(hai)沒有(you)壹(yi)種(zhong)設(she)備(bei)能(neng)在探測(ce)PE管(guan)時(shi)達到(dao)理想效(xiao)果(guo)。

Once the ground signs are lost, equipment can only be used for underground pipeline detection. For metal pipes, a metal probe (a device that applies electrical signals to the pipeline and tracks the direction of the electrical signals) is generally used for routing and positioning. This type of equipment works well in areas with few underground pipelines, no strong magnetism, and strong electricity, but for areas with dense pipelines (such as courtyards) or pipelines with poor conductivity (such as ductile iron pipes), the detection efficiency will be greatly reduced. PE pipes are not conductive at all, so this technology cannot be used. We have also tried other devices, such as geomagnetic imagers and underground cavity detectors, but they have not been practically applied in Bazhou Company, and the effect cannot be determined temporarily. In addition, it is understood that there is currently no device on the market that can achieve ideal results in detecting PE pipes.

3、 金屬(shu)薄(bo)膜(mo)示(shi)蹤(zong)帶

3. Metal thin film tracer band

在PE管道上方(fang)敷(fu)設(she)金(jin)屬(shu)薄(bo)膜(mo)示(shi)蹤(zong)帶,然後用探(tan)管(guan)儀(yi)進行探(tan)測(ce)。示(shi)蹤(zong)帶中的金(jin)屬(shu)薄(bo)膜(mo)具(ju)有(you)導(dao)電(dian)性,理論上可(ke)以(yi)體(ti)現出(chu)金屬(shu)管(guan)的特性,但(dan)實際(ji)上由(you)於(yu)金屬(shu)薄(bo)膜(mo)的(de)截(jie)面積太小(xiao),導(dao)電(dian)性不(bu)好(hao),受周(zhou)圍金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)道幹擾(rao)大(da),致使探測(ce)效(xiao)果(guo)非(fei)常(chang)差,只有(you)在幹擾(rao)小(xiao)且距離(li)地(di)面很(hen)近(jin)的(de)地(di)方(fang)才(cai)能被探(tan)測(ce)到(dao)。而且輻(fu)射(she)過程(cheng)中，每(mei)100米需(xu)進行壹(yi)次連(lian)接(jie)，如(ru)連(lian)接(jie)不(bu)當，在後期使用過(guo)程(cheng)中因(yin)土(tu)壤沈降(jiang)會導(dao)致示蹤(zong)帶斷(duan)裂(lie)，進而無法(fa)檢(jian)測(ce)。

Lay a metal film tracer tape above the PE pipeline and then use a probe to detect it. The metal film in the tracer band has conductivity, which theoretically reflects the characteristics of the metal tube. However, in reality, due to the small cross-sectional area of the metal film, its conductivity is poor, and it is greatly affected by the interference of surrounding metal pipes, resulting in very poor detection effect. It can only be detected in areas with small interference and close to the ground. Moreover, during the radiation process, a connection needs to be made every 100 meters. If the connection is improper, the tracer band may break due to soil settlement during later use, making it impossible to detect.

4、 金(jin)屬(shu)示(shi)蹤(zong)線

4. Metal tracer line

為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)示蹤(zong)物體(ti)的導(dao)電(dian)性,我(wo)們(men)曾(zeng)使(shi)用金(jin)屬(shu)示(shi)蹤(zong)線來(lai)替(ti)代(dai)金(jin)屬(shu)薄(bo)膜(mo)示(shi)蹤(zong)帶。由(you)於(yu)示蹤(zong)線的(de)線(xian)芯(xin)是(shi)銅,且具(ju)有壹(yi)定的(de)截(jie)面積,因(yin)此(ci)導(dao)電(dian)性明(ming)顯(xian)好(hao)於(yu)薄膜(mo)示(shi)蹤(zong)帶,尤(you)其(qi)在剛(gang)埋(mai)下(xia)去(qu)的時候,探測(ce)效(xiao)果(guo)較(jiao)好。但(dan)隨(sui)著(zhe)時(shi)間(jian)延長,示(shi)蹤(zong)線暴(bao)露(lu)出(chu)很(hen)大(da)問(wen)題(ti)。a.示蹤(zong)線壹(yi)旦有(you)斷點,如(ru)施(shi)工時(shi)被(bei)挖斷自然銹蝕、連(lian)接(jie)時(shi)沒接(jie)牢(lao)等(deng),從斷點往後(hou)就無法(fa)被探(tan)測(ce)到(dao)。b.相(xiang)對於(yu)其(qi)他地下(xia)管(guan)道或(huo)線路(lu),示(shi)蹤(zong)線的(de)導(dao)電(dian)性沒有(you)它(ta)們(men)好(hao),因(yin)此(ci)造成探(tan)測(ce)信號過於(yu)微弱,以於(yu)混(hun)淆管(guan)道(dao)位置。而且抗(kang)拉(la)性能(neng)差，在定向(xiang)鉆(zuan)穿(chuan)越中無法(fa)敷(fu)設(she)。

To improve the conductivity of tracer objects, we have used metal tracer lines instead of metal thin film tracer bands. Due to the fact that the core of the tracer wire is copper and has a certain cross-sectional area, its conductivity is significantly better than that of the thin film tracer tape, especially when it is just buried, the detection effect is better. But as time goes on, the tracer line exposes significant issues. a. Once there is a breakpoint in the tracer line, such as natural corrosion caused by excavation during construction, or loose connection during connection, it cannot be detected from the breakpoint onwards. b. Compared to other underground pipelines or lines, the conductivity of tracer lines is not as good as theirs, resulting in weak detection signals and confusion of pipeline positions. And the tensile performance is poor, making it impossible to lay in directional drilling crossing.

5、廢(fei)舊通信光纜

5. Waste communication optical cables

鑒於(yu)金屬(shu)示(shi)蹤(zong)線的(de)缺(que)點，廢(fei)舊通信光纜可(ke)以(yi)較(jiao)好地(di)該(gai)問(wen)題(ti)。通信光纜是由(you)若幹根(gen)（芯(xin)）光纖（壹(yi)般(ban)從(cong)幾(ji)芯(xin)到(dao)幾(ji)千芯(xin)）構成的(de)纜心和(he)外護(hu)層(ceng)所(suo)組(zu)成。光纜中有加(jia)強構件(jian)去(qu)承受外界(jie)的(de)機(ji)械負(fu)荷，以保(bao)護(hu)光纖免受(shou)各種(zhong)外(wai)機(ji)械力(li)的(de)影響(xiang)，從(cong)而保證(zheng)了光纜的耐久性。尤(you)其(qi)在定向(xiang)鉆(zuan)穿(chuan)越施工中，光纜的強(qiang)負荷力(li)可(ke)以(yi)保證(zheng)完整(zheng)的(de)敷(fu)設(she)。在300500米間(jian)隔(ge)處，埋(mai)設(she)檢(jian)測(ce)樁，將光纜引檢(jian)測(ce)樁內(nei)，方(fang)便(bian)日(ri)後(hou)檢(jian)測(ce)定(ding)位。光纜的缺(que)點是(shi)導(dao)電(dian)性能(neng)低(di)於(yu)金屬(shu)示(shi)蹤(zong)線，受(shou)幹擾(rao)的(de)區域檢(jian)測(ce)效(xiao)果(guo)較(jiao)差。

Given the drawbacks of metal tracer lines, waste communication optical cables can effectively solve this problem. A communication optical cable is composed of a core and an outer protective layer composed of several to several thousand core optical fibers. There are reinforced components in the optical cable to withstand external mechanical loads, in order to protect the optical cable from various external mechanical forces and ensure its durability. Especially in directional drilling crossing construction, the strong load capacity of optical cables can ensure complete laying. Bury inspection piles at intervals of 300 to 500 meters, and lead the optical cable into the inspection piles for convenient future detection and positioning. The disadvantage of optical cables is that their conductivity is lower than that of metal tracing lines, and the detection effect in disturbed areas is poor.

6、地下(xia)管道(dao)電(dian)子(zi)標(biao)誌(zhi)系統(tong)

6. Underground pipeline electronic marking system

其(qi)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理是將電(dian)子(zi)標(biao)誌(zhi)器埋(mai)設於(yu)管道(dao)上方(fang),每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)子(zi)標(biao)誌(zhi)器內(nei)都存(cun)有壹(yi)個的(de)識別代(dai)碼,如(ru)同(tong)每(mei)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)身份證(zheng)號碼壹(yi)樣(yang)。電(dian)子(zi)標(biao)誌(zhi)器內(nei)可(ke)以(yi)自定義儲存(cun)管道(dao)的(de)重(zhong)要信息(xi),如(ru)相(xiang)對位置、埋(mai)深(shen)、管徑、管(guan)材(cai)、管道(dao)壓(ya)力(li)、敷(fu)設(she)日(ri)期(qi)等(deng)。在地面上使(shi)用定(ding)位設備(bei)(探(tan)測(ce)儀(yi))定位電(dian)子(zi)標(biao)誌(zhi)器的(de)位置,並(bing)讀(du)取儲存(cun)信息(xi)。

Its working principle is to bury the electronic marker above the pipeline, and each electronic marker has a unique identification code, just like the ID number of each person. The electronic marker can customize and store important information about pipelines, such as relative position, burial depth, pipe diameter, pipe material, pipeline pressure, laying date, etc. Use positioning devices (detectors) on the ground to locate the position of electronic markers and read stored information.

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